The forging, stamping and sheet metal manufacturing industries are the basic industries of the machinery manufacturing industry and are also a barometer of the development of the manufacturing industry. On the whole, compared with 2017, the forging, stamping and sheet metal production industries in 2018 showed a steady increase in performance throughout the year, but there was a decline in the second half of the year.

The forging, stamping, and sheet metal manufacturing industries serve all machinery manufacturing industries, including construction, municipal engineering, and infrastructure construction. They are also closely related to defense, power generation and other industries. Therefore, forging, The actual situation in the stamping and sheet metal manufacturing industry is very difficult.

Referring to the development of many industries, it can be concluded that the demand for supporting industries grows and the development of companies in the forging, stamping and sheet metal manufacturing industries that are closely related to it is doing well. In 2018, industries related to construction machinery, rail transit construction, telecommunications, petrochemicals, trucks and other industries developed relatively well. Enterprises with export-oriented products also developed well, with sales of some enterprises increasing by 30%. Therefore, companies in the forging, stamping and sheet metal manufacturing industries have always been well-developed and difficult to develop, but the proportion of well-developed companies is different. According to the current situation, the forging, stamping and sheet metal manufacturing industries are estimated to be about 85% of companies’ orders in the first half of the year increased or remained the same year-on-year, and about 60% of companies’ orders decreased year-on-year in the second half of the year. The decline in sales in the second half of the year caused the hesitation of forging, stamping and sheet metal manufacturing companies. In 2019, the downward pressure on the economy will still be great, and the situation in the auto industry will be severe. Some companies with weak core competitiveness may close their doors or go bankrupt.

Currently, several policies issued by the state have an impact on the forging, stamping and sheet metal manufacturing industries. Some have a positive impact and some have a negative impact. These policies mainly include environmental protection, capacity reduction and supply-side reforms. The positive effect is basically consistent with the country’s expectations, but it is reflected in the industry’s insignificant effect, while the negative effect is very fatal to the forging, stamping and sheet metal manufacturing industries. The negative impact of the environmental protection policy is: there is no data to rely on in law enforcement, no distinction is made to the particularity of the industry, and the “one size fits all” approach has greatly harmed the normal development of the forging, stamping and sheet metal manufacturing industries. This is because of “ ;People always regard basic manufacturing as a low-end industry."

The main blow to the industry caused by capacity reduction is the increase in material prices and the reduction of material varieties. The supply of raw materials has not been refined, but has become more and more "rough", which has seriously affected the forging, stamping and sheet metal production industries. Product development and quality improvement. For many years, the country has advocated strong foundation projects, among which are "basic materials and basic craftsmanship", but the actual implementation has not been seen in actual implementation. This foundation has not received real attention, but is still doing "from Breakthrough work that doesn't come before", a basic industry lacking a foundation cannot make the entire industry strong. De-capacity in the iron and steel industry is a good policy from the perspective of macroeconomic development, but due to non-market behaviors in implementation and deviations in technical cognition, many basic materials that can provide basic materials for the forging, stamping and sheet metal manufacturing industries have been eliminated. Special steel grades” base. "Special steel" manufacturing bases are often companies that develop and produce high-end and unique materials. This method of reducing overcapacity brings great survival difficulties to the basic manufacturing industry.

The main content of supply-side reform includes labor, land, capital, institutional creation, and innovation. It is very necessary from a macroeconomic perspective, but it has brought an unprecedented impact on the basic manufacturing industry. This is the labor force. shortage. Because the country vigorously develops the tertiary industry, it has caused a shortage of human resources in the secondary industry. Difficulties in recruitment, employment and retention have become serious obstacles to the development of the manufacturing industry. In this case, as the basic foundation-forging, stamping and sheet metal The labor difficulty in the gold production industry is even worse.

At present, the biggest difficulty facing the forging, stamping and sheet metal production industries is "difficulties in employment". The biggest challenge facing China is my country's increased free trade policy, "the market has opened up to the outside world, and domestic companies have closed ”. The fundamental solution from the system is that the state treats basic manufacturing, new high-tech industries and tertiary industries differently in terms of taxation.

How to make the basic manufacturing industry more vigorous? According to the practical experience of these years, we cannot completely rely on the implementation of the "national support policy-project system" to obtain national financial support to boost the industry. These policies only It can be used for breakthroughs in certain single areas, but it cannot be used to "boost the industry as a whole". The most effective way is to adopt a differential tax system or preferential tax policies to achieve the overall industry upgrade. If it is to alleviate the problem of difficult employment in basic manufacturing, the state should formulate corresponding special incentive policies for the industrial army, research and establish and improve special policies for the distribution of industrial workers’ personal income tax and social security. If these policies can be implemented, many of the constraints on the development of basic manufacturing The problem will be solved better.

How the forging, stamping and sheet metal production industries can develop healthily and sustainably will have special cases. However, the correct development path will definitely be found based on the following ideas. For this reason, we will summarize the development characteristics of 2018 and before. On this basis, the following opinions are put forward:

Enterprises must develop specialized forging, stamping and sheet metal production enterprises or groups characterized by product differentiation. Groups can coexist with multiple types, but the production base must form a single production based on product categories. This development model can make products more refined and perfect, and can also maximize the benefits of people, finances and materials, and at the same time can avoid the negative impact of unprofessional skills and mutual comparison of employees.

Integration, large-scale and systemization of forging, stamping and sheet metal production products are inevitable for development. This is an inevitable conclusion brought by the current serialization and automation thinking. Therefore, when looking for products, we must start from forgings and stampings. Start with the research on the functions and functions of sheet metal parts, understand its supporting system, and look for opportunities to develop new products and improve.

It is an ideal state for forging technology to take the technological development route of multi-station automation. If it cannot be realized, it is necessary to shorten the "process transfer time" as much as possible to reduce the production cycle, improve production efficiency, and reduce energy consumption and materials. Consumption. In this regard, mechanical presses have comparative advantages for small die forgings. For very important large forgings, large tonnage equipment attempts to "die forging of large forgings" to achieve near-net forming and to change the traditional process has certain prospects.

The core problem of large forgings is the integrated process development of raw material manufacturing-forging process-heat treatment-machining, in which raw material smelting is the foundation, and the important core of this foundation should be the precise control of alloy purity and alloy composition, refractory materials The quality of auxiliary materials and the exploration of smelting mechanism.

The core issue of small die forgings is proper die life and efficient production methods. The various forging process technologies currently possessed have mature experience, and different users have different effects. As for the solution of mold life, overseas developed countries have given us a good inspiration, which is to manufacture and use mold steel according to the needs of mold characteristics. The smelting and manufacturing of mold steel adhere to "similar differences, same sex different types". In the use of mold steel, it is recommended to use composite molds and use different mold materials to make different cavities. Die surfacing repair and "welding coating" technology are also under development, and surfacing technology has been widely used.

In view of the current development trend of the international forging industry, forging companies to appropriately develop mechanical processing, aiming at the development of finished parts or components is the only way, and there is a big problem in relying solely on forgings to survive. In terms of reality, if a forging company develops parts and components processing, it will be easier to strengthen the close relationship with the end user and realize the desire to participate in it from the beginning of product design.

The typical process technology of stamping is deep drawing and punching, and the most important development direction of deep drawing is servo deep drawing technology. Servo deep drawing technology is still in the summary stage of principle exploration and performance expansion, and has not yet formed a complete application. system. Whether some traditional processes can be applied to servo deep drawing is still being explored, but it has been proved in practice that it is inappropriate and sometimes wasteful to use traditional thinking to design servo deep drawing molds to adapt to the traditional deep drawing process. There is also a kind of deep drawing of small parts. The general consensus is that high-speed punching can be used to achieve high-speed punching, and multi-station high-speed punching can be used to achieve high-speed punching with multi-station (or progressive die). Whether to use ordinary high-speed punching or servo high-speed punching, the core problem is to solve the problem of high efficiency. The development of fine blanking has evolved from a simple separation process to a "forming" process, which is a development direction of fine blanking in the future.

Automation, informatization, and intelligence of stamping production is one of the important paths for stamping companies to seek long-term development. Some advanced stamping companies have begun to study and apply online automatic detection of stamping parts, and automatic framing of large stamping parts. , AGV automatic logistics in the stamping workshop, automated three-dimensional warehouses for molds, etc. Its purpose is to solve the difficulty in employment, improve quality, increase the utilization rate of plant space, and ultimately achieve the goal of improving comprehensive benefits and market competitiveness.

In-depth cooperation between stamping factories and material factories to jointly develop new materials required for products, and the joint development of product processes and equipment by production factories and equipment factories is also one of the development directions of stamping.

With the diversification and individualization of market demand, many stamping parts produced by traditional processes are completed by laser cutting, CNC punching, bending, rolling and other composite processes to improve flexibility, reduce mold costs, and meet small batches , Multi-variety demand.

No matter what kind of stamping, the progress of die technology is an eternal theme. How to reduce die manufacturing and debugging costs, improve die precision and surface quality is the key, stamping companies should expand "numerical simulation" process technology research and application. It needs to be emphasized here that stamping and "finished products" are inseparable. Therefore, stamping companies must develop finished product manufacturing. Unless stamping products are not allowed, this is a good way for stamping companies to survive.

Another development route for the stamping industry is the development of high-strength steel, non-ferrous metals and composite material forming. The development and research of cold-state high-strength steel forming is currently a direction for international efforts, and domestic companies are also actively engaged in hot forming Process and equipment technology research, but cold forming research is almost blank.

The key to the development of sheet metal production is bending, cutting and punching design and process technology, and the use of composite processing centers will become the focus of development. From the perspective of corporate development, sheet metal production companies must focus on products (consumer products) Design and manufacture must pay attention to the surface quality of sheet metal parts.

From the development of stamping and sheet metal production equipment in developed countries, as well as the development of stamping and sheet metal production enterprises, many products are very suitable for establishing "unattended" workshops or production units, and also very suitable for manufacturing Single-piece production becomes a complete and fully automated "component or product" production line including automatic assembly.

Improving efficiency and reducing costs, reducing labor intensity and improving product quality, and realizing the integration of industrialization and industrialization are the eternal theme of forging, stamping and sheet metal production, but the only one among them is "product performance or quality". To keep pace with the times, maintain a competitive advantage, and insist on supplying timely and appropriate "product performance and quality" is the best way.

Forging, stamping and sheet metal equipment is the key to achieving high-efficiency, low-cost and high-quality production. It is necessary to overcome the "idea that can be made" and the limitations of equipment development. The equipment must not only achieve "can be made" ;, must meet the demand of “can be made economically”.

The forging, stamping and sheet metal manufacturing industries still need to continuously carry out ideological changes. This change not only involves the managers of the enterprise, but also requires the transformation of technical personnel. It is necessary to expand the global vision and revise the thinking. To be able to make money and to be able to make a circle around the circle, we must have the concept, courage and courage to "challenge and maximize benefits" to participate in the global market competition.

Technical personnel in forging, stamping and sheet metal production in China must learn to be liberated from the traditional "technical thinking and process design thinking" mode, and must be able to carry out technological development and products based on the current conditions of science and technology. Process design, the necessary verification and update of the technical data and process design methods left by the predecessors.

At present, employees of forging, stamping and sheet metal production companies must focus on cultivating thinking and ability to go global, strengthen international communication, build self-confidence in communication, overcome seclusion, and focus on the domestic market while moving towards the international market, with special attention The "second time" in developed countries ("the first time" should be between 1990 and 2008) has brought us the impact and leadership of equipment and technology updates.